source
Manalo. E., Wont_Toi, G., & Bartlett-Trafford, J. (2009). The business of writing: Written communication skills for business students (3rd ed.). Auckland: Pearson Education New Zealand.
It can sometimes be difficult to start a sentence to express ideas, or find words to show the relationship between ideas. Below is a list of possible sentence starters, transitional and other words that may be useful.
To introduce | ||
This essay discusses …
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… is explored …
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… is defined …
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The definition of … will be given
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… is briefly outlined …
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… is explored …
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The issue focused on ….
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… is demonstrated ...
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… is included …
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In this essay …..
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… is explained …
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… are identified …
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The key aspect discussed …
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… are presented …
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… is justified …
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Views on …. range from ….
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… is evaluated …
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… is examined …
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The central theme …
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… is described …
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… is analysed …
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Emphasised are …
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… is explained and illustrated with examples …
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To conclude | ||
In summary, …
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To review, …
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In conclusion, …
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In brief, …
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To summarise, …
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To sum up, …
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To conclude, …
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Thus, …
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Hence, …
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It has been shown that, …
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In short, …
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To compare and contrast | ||
Similarly, …
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In the same way …
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Likewise, …
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In comparison …
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Complementary to this …
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Then again, …
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However, …
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This is in contrast to …
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In contrast, …
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And yet …
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Nevertheless, …
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Conversely, …
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On the contrary, …
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On the other hand, …
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Notwithstanding …
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Whereas …
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In contrast to …
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That aside, ...
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While this is the case …
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... disputes …
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Despite this, ...
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To add ideas | ||
Also, …
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Equally important ...
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Subsequently, …
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Futhermore, …
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Moreover, …
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As well as ....
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Next…
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Another essential point…
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Additionally, ...
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More importantly, …
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In the same way …
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Another ...
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Then, …
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In addition, …
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Besides, ...
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Then again, …
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Firstly, ... secondly, ... thirdly, ... finally, ...
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To elaborate, ...
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To present uncommon or rare ideas | ||
Seldom ...
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Few ...
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Not many ...
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A few ...
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... is uncommon
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... is scarce ...
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Rarely ...
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... is rare ...
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... is unusual ...
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To present common or widespread ideas | ||
Numerous ...
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Many ...
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More than ...
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Several ...
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Almost all ...
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The majority ...
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Most ...
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Commonly ...
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Significant ...
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... is prevalent ...
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... is usual ...
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Usually ...
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To present inconclusive ideas | ||
Perhaps ...
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... may be ...
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... might be ...
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There is limited evidence for ...
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... is debated ...
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... is possibly ...
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... could ...
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... may include ...
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To give examples | ||
For example, ...
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... as can be seen in ...
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... supports ...
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An illustration of ...
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... as demonstrated by ...
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... is observed ...
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Specifically, ...
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... is shown ...
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... exemplifies ...
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Such as ...
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As an example ...
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To illustrate, ...
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For instance, ...
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To show relationships or outcome | ||
Therefore ...
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As a result ...
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For that reason ...
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Hence, ...
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Otherwise, ...
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Consequently, ...
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The evidence suggests/shows ...
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It can be seen that ...
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With regard to ...
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After examining ....
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These factors contribute to ...
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It is apparent that ...
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Considering ... it can be concluded that ...
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Subsequently, ....
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The effect is ...
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The outcome is ...
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The result ...
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The correlation ...
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The relationship ...
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The link ...
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The convergence ...
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The connection ...
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... interacts with ...
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Both ....
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... affects ...
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Thus it is ...
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... causes ...
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... influences ...
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... predicts ...
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... leads to ...
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... informs ...
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... presupposes
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... emphasises
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... demonstrates ...
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... impacts on ...
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... supports ...
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To present prior or background ideas | ||
In the past, ...
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Historically, ...
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Traditionally, ...
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Customarily, ...
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Beforehand, ...
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Originally, ...
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Prior to this, ...
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Earlier, ...
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Formerly, ...
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Previously, ...
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Over time, ...
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At the time of ...
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Conventionally, ...
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Foundational to this is ...
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In earlier ...
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Initially, ...
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At first, ...
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Recently ...
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Until now, ...
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The traditional interpretation ...
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To present others' ideas | ||
According to …
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Based on the findings of ... it can be argued...
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… proposed that …
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As explained by …
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… states that …
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… claims that …
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However, ... stated that …
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... suggested …
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… concluded that …
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Similarly, … stated that ….
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… for example, …
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… agreed that …
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Based on the ideas of …
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… defined …. as ….
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… relates …
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As identified by …
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… disputed that …
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… contrasts …
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With regard to … argued that …
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… concluded that …
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… confirmed that …
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... argues ….
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… highlights …
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… demonstrates …
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… found that …
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… identifies …
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... wrote that …
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… demonstrated …
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… also …
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… reported ….
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… pointed out that …
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… maintained that …
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… hypothesised that …
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… expressed the opinion that …
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... also mentioned ….
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... asserts that ….
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… identified …
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… goes on to state/suggest/say
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… emphasises
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… challenges the idea ….
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… showed that …
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… explored the idea …
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